SELECT 
  category_id, 
  parent_id 
FROM 
  cscart_categories 
WHERE 
  parent_id IN(
    3173, 3163, 2655, 2974, 2645, 2681, 2658, 
    2663, 2662, 2682, 2657, 2666, 3162, 
    296, 281, 277, 2660, 2684, 2642, 2653, 
    2673, 2650, 620, 2672, 2664, 2652, 2683, 
    2667, 2668, 2648, 2656, 2641, 2473, 
    3020, 2679, 2676, 2913, 290, 2671, 2677, 
    2494, 2659, 2661, 2665, 2644, 2647, 
    2680, 508, 2973, 1186, 2678, 2651, 3055, 
    3094, 3114, 2438, 2643, 2670, 2463, 
    2640, 782, 2675, 2453, 2488, 2646, 2649, 
    458, 2654, 2215, 3093
  )

Query time 0.00110

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "27.49"
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_categories",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": [
        "parent",
        "idx_categories_parent_status"
      ],
      "key": "parent",
      "used_key_parts": [
        "parent_id"
      ],
      "key_length": "3",
      "rows_examined_per_scan": 134,
      "rows_produced_per_join": 134,
      "filtered": "100.00",
      "using_index": true,
      "cost_info": {
        "read_cost": "14.10",
        "eval_cost": "13.40",
        "prefix_cost": "27.50",
        "data_read_per_join": "374K"
      },
      "used_columns": [
        "category_id",
        "parent_id"
      ],
      "attached_condition": "(`cscart_db`.`cscart_categories`.`parent_id` in (3173,3163,2655,2974,2645,2681,2658,2663,2662,2682,2657,2666,3162,296,281,277,2660,2684,2642,2653,2673,2650,620,2672,2664,2652,2683,2667,2668,2648,2656,2641,2473,3020,2679,2676,2913,290,2671,2677,2494,2659,2661,2665,2644,2647,2680,508,2973,1186,2678,2651,3055,3094,3114,2438,2643,2670,2463,2640,782,2675,2453,2488,2646,2649,458,2654,2215,3093))"
    }
  }
}