SELECT 
  category_id, 
  parent_id 
FROM 
  cscart_categories 
WHERE 
  parent_id IN(
    3057, 3019, 3016, 2775, 2776, 2773, 2782, 
    2772, 2779, 2778, 774, 2789, 3015, 2781, 
    2780, 2777, 2783, 2788, 224, 227, 2925, 
    3056, 2774, 2771, 1491, 2769, 223, 2786, 
    2022, 2794, 3095, 3135
  )

Query time 0.00084

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "11.86"
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_categories",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": [
        "parent",
        "idx_categories_parent_status"
      ],
      "key": "parent",
      "used_key_parts": [
        "parent_id"
      ],
      "key_length": "3",
      "rows_examined_per_scan": 56,
      "rows_produced_per_join": 56,
      "filtered": "100.00",
      "using_index": true,
      "cost_info": {
        "read_cost": "6.26",
        "eval_cost": "5.60",
        "prefix_cost": "11.86",
        "data_read_per_join": "156K"
      },
      "used_columns": [
        "category_id",
        "parent_id"
      ],
      "attached_condition": "(`cscart_db`.`cscart_categories`.`parent_id` in (3057,3019,3016,2775,2776,2773,2782,2772,2779,2778,774,2789,3015,2781,2780,2777,2783,2788,224,227,2925,3056,2774,2771,1491,2769,223,2786,2022,2794,3095,3135))"
    }
  }
}