SELECT 
  video_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    DISTINCT product_id 
    ORDER BY 
      product_id ASC SEPARATOR ', '
  ) as products 
FROM 
  cscart_cp_video_product_links 
WHERE 
  video_id IN (
    2258, 2259, 2261, 2262, 2263, 2267, 2271, 
    2272, 2273, 2277
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  video_id

Query time 0.00037

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "6.66"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_filesort": false,
      "table": {
        "table_name": "cscart_cp_video_product_links",
        "access_type": "range",
        "possible_keys": [
          "PRIMARY",
          "position",
          "video_id_idx",
          "idx_product_type_position"
        ],
        "key": "video_id_idx",
        "used_key_parts": [
          "video_id"
        ],
        "key_length": "3",
        "rows_examined_per_scan": 29,
        "rows_produced_per_join": 29,
        "filtered": "100.00",
        "using_index": true,
        "cost_info": {
          "read_cost": "3.76",
          "eval_cost": "2.90",
          "prefix_cost": "6.66",
          "data_read_per_join": "696"
        },
        "used_columns": [
          "video_id",
          "product_id",
          "type"
        ],
        "attached_condition": "(`cscart_db`.`cscart_cp_video_product_links`.`video_id` in (2258,2259,2261,2262,2263,2267,2271,2272,2273,2277))"
      }
    }
  }
}

Result

video_id products
2261 33089
2263 68890, 68892, 68896, 68902, 68903, 68909, 68911, 68913, 68914, 68916, 68920, 68924, 68933, 68937, 68941, 68968, 68970, 69401, 69466, 69486
2271 39924
2272 31377
2273 31336
2277 66500