SELECT 
  pfv.variant_id, 
  pfv.position, 
  pfvd.variant 
FROM 
  cscart_product_feature_variants AS pfv 
  INNER JOIN cscart_product_feature_variant_descriptions AS pfvd ON pfv.variant_id = pfvd.variant_id 
  AND pfvd.lang_code = 'en' 
WHERE 
  pfv.variant_id IN (
    57565, 23224, 62081, 10348, 12414, 19049, 
    18999, 21498, 31238, 25064, 19052, 
    12428
  )

Query time 0.00066

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "9.19"
    },
    "nested_loop": [
      {
        "table": {
          "table_name": "pfv",
          "access_type": "range",
          "possible_keys": [
            "PRIMARY",
            "variant_feature_idx",
            "idx_var_feat_pos"
          ],
          "key": "idx_var_feat_pos",
          "used_key_parts": [
            "variant_id"
          ],
          "key_length": "3",
          "rows_examined_per_scan": 12,
          "rows_produced_per_join": 12,
          "filtered": "100.00",
          "using_index": true,
          "cost_info": {
            "read_cost": "1.62",
            "eval_cost": "1.20",
            "prefix_cost": "2.82",
            "data_read_per_join": "13K"
          },
          "used_columns": [
            "variant_id",
            "position"
          ],
          "attached_condition": "(`cscart_db`.`pfv`.`variant_id` in (57565,23224,62081,10348,12414,19049,18999,21498,31238,25064,19052,12428))"
        }
      },
      {
        "table": {
          "table_name": "pfvd",
          "access_type": "eq_ref",
          "possible_keys": [
            "PRIMARY"
          ],
          "key": "PRIMARY",
          "used_key_parts": [
            "variant_id",
            "lang_code"
          ],
          "key_length": "9",
          "ref": [
            "cscart_db.pfv.variant_id",
            "const"
          ],
          "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
          "rows_produced_per_join": 12,
          "filtered": "100.00",
          "cost_info": {
            "read_cost": "5.17",
            "eval_cost": "1.20",
            "prefix_cost": "9.19",
            "data_read_per_join": "89K"
          },
          "used_columns": [
            "variant_id",
            "variant",
            "lang_code"
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}